Einstein, Minkowski, x4=ict, and The McGucken Proof of The Fourth Dimension’s Expansion at the Velocity of Light c: dx4/dt=ic
In the early 1900s, a most amazing equation was realized: x4=ict. The equation related light, time, and dimension. Remarkably, the equation was largely dismissed as having no *physical* meaning. Well, Dr. Elliot McGucken recently realized that x4=ict means that the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions:
dx4/dt=ic
THE MCGUCKEN PROOF OF THE FOURTH DIMENSION’S EXPANSION AT THE RATE OF C: dx4/dt=ic.
PROOF OF LTD THEORY’S PRINCIPLE:
1. The magnitude of the velocity of every object through the four dimensions of spacetime is c.
2. The faster an object moves through the three spatial dimensions, the slower it moves through the fourth dimension.
3. As an object’s velocity approaches c through the three spatial dimensions, its velocity through the fourth dimension must approach zero.
4. Ergo light remains stationary in the fourth dimension x4.
5. Thus photons of light track and trace the movement and character of x4.
6. As light is a spherically-symmetric, probabilistic wavefront expanding at c, x4 expands at the rate of c in a spherically-symmetric manner, distributing locality into nonlocality.
From this simple postulate of a fourth expanding dimension, a physical model emerges accounting for and exalting all of relativity, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, quantum mechanics’ nonlocality, probabilities, and entanglement, and the second law of thermodynamics. Thus LTD provides a vast and resounding unification of physics, while finally characterizing the deeper nature of the stage underlying both quantum mechanics and relativity.
LIGHT, TIME, DIMENSION THEORY
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06X93RKSY
Regarding the award-winning physicist Dr. Elliot McGucken at Princeton University, the late John Archibald Wheeler stated, “More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet.”
Dr. E would go on to heal the blind with his NSF-funded, award-winning Ph.D. dissertation which also laid down the foundations of Light Time Dimension Theory. Over the years, LTD Theory added foundational *physical* postulates, principles, and equations en route to becoming numerous books, with this one forming the simple, illustrated introduction.
In this commonsense volume penned for the layman and advanced scientist alike, Dr. E’s LTD Theory provides a unifying, foundational *physical* model underlying relativity, quantum mechanics, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, and the second law of thermodynamics. The detailed diagrams demonstrate that the great mysteries of quantum mechanical nonlocality, entanglement, and probability naturally arise from the very same principle that fosters relativity alongside light’s constant velocity, the equivalence of mass and energy, and time dilation.
One fine afternoon while Dr. E was lunching with J.A. Wheeler at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), a bespectacled gentleman joined them. Wheeler introduced the fellow as Ed Witten — one of the leading pioneers of string theory and inventor of M-theory. Dr. E had been contemplating pursuing string theory, but there were some finer details he could not wrap his head around. “Great!” Dr. E thought to himself, “This guy can help me along my odyssey!”
So halfway through lunch Dr. E asked Dr. Witten, “What are string theory’s postulates, principles, and equations?”
Witten thought about it, smiled, and said, that well, it depended on who you asked, and well, it was a young theory.
So Dr. E followed up with, “When do you think string theory might get postulates, principles, and equations?” Ed stopped smiling.
And so, instead of studying string theory, Dr. E pursued LTD Theory on that “road less taken,” healing the blind along the way with his award-winning dissertation titled Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset to Aid the Visually Impaired and Enhanced CMOS Phototransistors. In the latter part of the dissertation, Dr. E placed the first iteration of LTD Theory, born of his days studying with the great PJE Peebles, Nobel Laureate Joseph Taylor, and J.A. Wheeler. Like Einstein and Feynman, they were all rugged, kind, intense men who valued hands-on physics and *physical* reality over mere math and mysticism — over spurious speculation and outlandish hype.
Unlike string theory, inflation, multiverse mania, and LQG, LTD Theory is a *physical* theory in the spirit of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, and Einstein. At Princeton Dr. E learned to think of the geometry of spacetime as a physical entity which could bend, curve, and move. He learned to think of the photon as a real, physical entity described as probabilistic, spherically-symmetric wavefront expanding at velocity c. Dr. E learned to think of entanglement as a real, *physical* effect connecting distant entities in an instantaneous relationship, and he learned to think of the second law of thermodynamics not as a mere mathematical formula, but as a foundational, physical law governing the universe. And by thinking of these diverse phenomena in terms of *physical* pictures, Dr. E conceived of LTD Theory — the simple, physical model common to them all.
Einstein exalted Minkowski’s x4=ict throughout General Relativity in his 1920 book Relativity: The Special and General Theory. The pages from Einstein’s books are in the public domain. Einstein’s books on relativity include: THE MEANING OF RELATIVITY: FOUR LECTURES DELIVERED AT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, MAY, 1921
BY ALBERT EINSTEIN, WITH FOUR DIAGRAMS, PRINCETON, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 1923 and RELATIVITY:
THE SPECIAL AND GENERAL THEORY
ALBERT EINSTEIN, Author: Albert Einstein, 1879–1955 First published: 1920
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hk9GXDWh4EA John Archibald Wheeler: “More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet. “(J.A. Wheeler, Princeton Joseph Henry Professor of Physics)
The McGucken Equation dx4/dt=ic Represents the Expansion of the Fourth Dimension at the Velocity of Light, Which Naturally Gives Us the Spacetime Metric and thus All of Relativity:
https://geni.us/elliotmcguckenphysics
THE MCGUCKEN PRINCIPLE: THE FOURTH DIMENSION IS EXPANDING AT THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT C: dx4/dt=ic.
ALBERT EINSTEIN: A theory is the more impressive the greater the simplicity of its premises is (dx4/dt=ic), the more different kinds of things it relates (quantum mechanics, relativity, time’s arrows, entanglement, nonlocality, the second law of thermodynamics) and the more extended is its area of applicability.
THE MCGUCKEN PROOF OF THE FOURTH DIMENSION’S EXPANSION AT THE RATE OF C: dx4/dt=ic.
PROOF OF LTD THEORY’S PRINCIPLE:
1. The magnitude of the velocity of every object through the four dimensions of spacetime is c.
2. The faster an object moves through the three spatial dimensions, the slower it moves through the fourth dimension.
3. As an object’s velocity approaches c through the three spatial dimensions, its velocity through the fourth dimension must approach zero.
4. Ergo light remains stationary in the fourth dimension x4.
5. Thus photons of light track and trace the movement and character of x4.
6. As light is a spherically-symmetric, probabilistic wavefront expanding at c, x4 expands at the rate of c in a spherically-symmetric manner, distributing locality into nonlocality.
QED
PROOF #2 OF LTD THEORY’S PRINCIPLE:
Einstein/Minkowski wrote x4=ict, naturally implying dx4/dt=ic.
GALILEO: In the sciences the authority of thousands of opinions is not worth as much as one tiny spark of reason in an individual man.
Galileo was persecuted for stating that the earth moves around the sun. After being forced to recant his view before the Inquisition, legend has it that he whispered “And yet it moves (E pur si muove”),” as he walked away from his sentencing. And so it is that proposing a hitherto unrecognized motion, such as the motion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions, is a most dangerous and rebellious thing. Thankfully we have formal Logic, Geometry, and Mathematics on our side. And too, we have the empirical observations spanning physical phenomena in quantum mechanics, relativity, the second law of thermodynamics, and time and all its arrows and asymmetries.
Light Time Dimension Theory
The Foundational Physics Unifying Einstein’s Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
A Simple, Illustrated Introduction to the Physical Model of the Fourth Expanding Dimension
Albert Einstein: A theory is the more impressive the greater is the simplicity of its premises (dx4/dt=ic), the more different are the kinds of things it relates (relativity, the quantum, time, the second law of thermodynamics, dark matter, dark energy, entanglement) and the more extended the range of its applicability.
Leonardo da Vinci: Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Albert Einstein: Look deep, deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.
PREFACE
Aristotle: All men suppose that what is called wisdom deals with the first causes and the principles of things. — Aristotle in Metaphysics
Nobel Laureate Albert Szent-Györgyi: Scientific discovery consists of seeing what everyone else has seen, but thinking what no one else has thought.
In the pursuit of first principles and the hitherto unsung physical cause of relativity, time, and quantum mechanics, LTD Theory again exalts Einstein’s two pillars of Western Science — logic and experiment. That which the fiat-debt-funded multimillionaire multiverse maniacs and failed string theorists demolished and deconstructed are resurrected in this book. That which the builders of braneworlds cast aside became the keystone for this humble tome. That which the false suitors dismissed and exiled are celebrated via a glorious “Return of the King” story culminating in the triumph of LTD Theory — a foundational, physical model built upon simple, elegant, logical proofs coupled with rational empiricism.
Albert Einstein: The development of Western Science is based on two great achievements, the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers, and the discovery of the possibility to find out causal relationships by systematic experiment (Renaissance).